Egypt, also referred to as the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental and Mediterranean nation that shares borders with Palestine, Israel, the Gulf of Aqaba, Sudan, Libya, and the Red Sea. Its rich history dates back to the sixth and fourth centuries BCE, making it one of the oldest nations in existence. Ancient Egypt was a pioneer in advancements such as agriculture, urban development, organized religion, and centralized government. While Christianity initially thrived in Egypt, the country underwent significant Islamization in the seventh century and is now predominantly Muslim, with a notable Christian minority.

Egypt’s dominant religion is Islam, with Arabic being its primary language. The country is considered a significant influence in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Islamic world, as well as a prominent player on the global stage.

Egypt is situated between latitudes 22° and 32°N, and longitudes 25° and 35°E. Covering an area of 1,001,450 square kilometers (386,660 sq mi), it ranks as the 30th largest country in the world. The climate in Egypt is notably hot, sunny, and arid. While average high temperatures are elevated in the north, they are extremely high throughout the rest of the country during the summer.

The northern coastal regions benefit from the cooling Mediterranean breezes which help regulate temperatures, especially during the peak of summer. Egypt’s economy is primarily dependent on agriculture, media, oil imports, natural gas, and tourism. Moreover, over 3 million Egyptians are employed abroad, with a majority working in Libya, Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf, and Europe.

Egypt has developed an energy market that relies on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydropower. The official language of Egypt is Arabic.